All about drugs (detail one by one for all substances that are sold in Spain as well as their consumption patterns, effects and risks). Juan Antonio mixed with chalk to sell. Or with pills against headache. This young Sevillian 20, now under restoration, began to sell cocaine to get the gram as needed to consume each day. On weekends, one gram was never enough. Coca is a highly addictive substance. It is the illegal drug creates major headaches among public authorities and health, which marks the start of the XXI century. "Cocaine is the drug reigns in Spain," says a senior police categorical. Cocaine hydrochloride or simply Cocaine is a white powder extracted from the coca leaf. Usually consumed aspirated through the nose. In 1996 caused 5.6% of all admissions in medical centers for treatment of drug abuse or dependence. In 2005 and accounted for 46.9% of these admissions. 1 CONSUMER AND EFFECTS Juan Antonio curraba in a bar and consumed his gram daily work. He tried cocaine or farlopa, at age 16. Then he began to mix with pads, folders and alcohol. The classic case of polydrug use, one of the key features of drug use today. Few people take only one drug. And almost always accompanies cocaine to alcohol, which is the legal drug par excellence. Cocaine was used initially as a local anesthetic in certain surgical procedures. However, the discovery of its addictive nature was replaced by other drugs. Powerful stimulant of the central nervous system, creates a strong psychological dependence on the consumer. "A lot of cocaine and a very affordable price," says Francisco Herrera, MD, director of the Project Man-based organization that supports those who want to get off drugs, in Seville. "The biggest success of the growers has been to create a climate of opinion so that it seemed that deep stuff is not that bad." It is a stimulant that is usually inhaled and which allows easy absorption reaches the brain faster. Its effects are just a few minutes after consuming: euphoria, talkativeness, sociability. Inhibits appetite and fatigue suddenly removed. Increases blood pressure. In the latest survey of school population in 2004, 7.2% of the population between 14 and 18 had consumed. In the study to be presented this fall can be seen a fall of over 3% in this record. "There was a real train wreck between supply and demand," said Herrera in his office in Seville. "We are in the country of distribution, here comes the whole range. There is high demand and lack of risk perception: do people who go to the bathroom to stick shot has become part of the landscape." Herrera says that there are two type profiles among the people who come to the center for rehabilitation. On the one hand, young adults, people over 30 who come to the office after years of consumption, when they see they are ruining everything they had achieved. And other teens: "They come from families standardized rates with apparent satisfaction in life." Last year, the Spanish law enforcement seized nearly 50 tons of cocaine, nearly half on ships sailing in international waters in the direction of the Peninsula. "Spain is the gateway of this drug for the rest of Europe," said a member of the Section of Cocaine Central Narcotics Brigade. 2 DEALERS AND PRECIOSSu wholesale price is about 32,000 euros per kilo, an amount five times when it is distributed in the retail street. It is for 50 or 60 euros a gram. The traffic of this drug is in the hands of large international organizations dominated by Colombian cartels. A narcotics officer said: "The best way to combat these criminal networks is through the figure of an undercover agent (infiltration), but this figure is rarely used in Spain because it requires that the mole is always a policeman or a policeman and also in the end always stay uncovered in the trial of the traffickers. " Police say others here just consumed coca derivatives, such as crack or crack cocaine, common in the United States. 3 HEALTH RIESTOS paranoid ideas and depression are two of the consequences that may result from chronic use and abuse of cocaine. Loss of appetite, insomnia and respiratory diseases (sinusitis, nasal mucosal irritation) are among its organic effects. "It's very common disorder, attention deficit," says psychiatrist Marta Llorens, line director of the Institute of Psychiatry Addiction and Substance Abuse Hospital del Mar in Barcelona. "You see people are very restless, have difficulty retaining information, focus." "People who eat half a gram or a gram every weekend do not think you are addicted, because it is only on weekends, but they are," says Llorens. "The person who can not stop eating is addicted." That is the difficulty that occurs with cocaine, he says. "These are the new patients: not marginalized, they work, are slow to acknowledge the problem they have." Glass is the new star of the party. Is sweeping the traditional ecstasy tablet. Which is sold in Spain is MDMA (3-4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine), ie, the ecstasy of life that only powder and wrapped in a plastic bag. He is credited with greater purity and more expensive than pills. "Those who have gained with this drug are: they much cheaper, they have to be mixed with binders and sugars and also can cut better," says Eduardo Hidalgo, Energy Control, an organization that goes to festivals and parties to discuss the drugs that people use to provide information and advice. Ecstasy or MDMA is a synthetic, psychoactive drug. Also called em, Adam, XTC, hug, beans and love drug. Its use became popular in the nineties. 1 CONSUMER AND EFFECTS The glass causes an experience midway between stimulation and altered perception of reality. Between the effect of amphetamine and mescaline hallucination occurs. Euphoria, empathy and sociability. There are three outcomes: people hugging, touching, kissing, you will. Ecstasy promotes disinhibition and increases sexual desire. But it can also generate anxiety, exhaustion and confusion. The crystal or powder sold em, small inside plastic bags. The consumer impregnate wet finger to dust and carries it to his mouth. Ecstasy is usually a conventional tablet that receives all kinds of names (Mitsubishis, supermen) depending on which is engraved logo. "I started eating pills and I liked a lot because I relaxed, instead of espabilarme, such as coca," says Rocio, Seville, 21. The first tested at age 17, the day of his birthday. I used to take a five night, all between one and three in the morning. MDMA was born in 1912, when the pharmaceutical company Merck isolated it by accident. Not finding a specific medical application, it dropped its investigation. In the fifties, the U.S. military investigated in this field looking for a drug that forced the prisoners to testify. 1.2% of the Spanish population between 15 and 64 taking ecstasy, according to the Household Survey, 2005 National Drug Plan. In the Energy Control posts installed at parties, over half of the consultations are already on ecstasy powder. Since this organization that focuses on harm reduction interventions, it is argued that the real crystal is much more expensive (between 120 and 130 euros per gram) than what is sold in Spain: "This is only used in small pockets" Hidalgo says. 2 TRAFFICKERS AND PRECIOSLa glass production is simple, since it is obtained in far fewer steps than other substances, it is easier to camouflage and concentrated better active principle. Usually made in clandestine laboratories in the Netherlands, but also synthesized in Spain. The traffickers' profits are higher than those obtained with the pills, according to the Central Narcotics Brigade. The normal price that people buy em glass or between 60 and 80 euros, and he can get approximately 10 doses. The glass is usually sold as small stones wrapped in a plastic bag. Sometimes eaten wrapped in cigarette paper (they call it bombs) to mitigate the strong bitterness that has the palate. Also distributed powder and has a high concentration of active principle (above 80%), since it does not excipients or inert substances, such as when present in tablet form. Crystallized ecstasy, according to an inspector of the Central Narcotics Brigade, was not detected in Spain until the summer of 2004, overtaking the popular pills, until then, were one of the most consumed drugs. 3 RIESTOS HEALTH "The problem now is that band powder is easier than you overdose," says Eduardo Hidalgo. And some more shots make, for example, is easier to suffer heat stroke. Tachycardia, arrhythmias, dehydration and dry mouth are some of the physiological effects from the use of MDMA. "Ecstasy can cause long term brain disorganization," says Juan Flores, doctor of the hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia. "They occur also many psychiatric disorders, the more consumption, more brain damage." Crisis of anxiety, depressive and psychotic disorders are among the most common psychological effects if abused such drugs. The central nervous system is the target organ in this case. Eduardo Hidalgo, head of the Energy Control Organisation in Madrid, add one fact: "We have found that regular consumption affects memory. If you take more than 80 pills over a year or two, you just affecting" . The so-called liquid ecstasy is actually gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Like alcohol, GHB is a central nervous system depressant, so it can not be encompassed in the family of ecstasy, which is a stimulant. Their most common current presentation is liquid, colorless (although sometimes he misses dye) and odorless. It has a salty or bitter taste. The police and the National Institute of Toxicology have a record of GHB consumption in Spain for over 10 years. It is a very dangerous when mixed with alcohol. 1 CONSUMER AND EFECTOSEs a drug that dissolves in water and sold aluminum popcorn popper in glass jars. The effects produced: feeling drunk and sociability. Consumers describe him as a drunk, but without a hangover. The effect begins to be consumed half an hour. The biggest problem is that it is very easy to over dose. ? You take a bottle cap and can sit right?, Says Eduardo Hidalgo, Energy Control. ? Tomas two blocks and you can end up unconscious?. Another effect attributed to him is the increase in sexual desire. In fact, is said to be aphrodisiac and this can cause pleasurable states. From the Web notified Energy Control: Is it very important to realize that maybe they can initiate or encourage relationships with those who you'd initially raised?. 2 DEALERS AND PRECIOSLos bodies and state security forces last year seized 144 cubic centimeters of liquid ecstasy called. Usually sold in nightclubs and entertainment centers in a few jars at a price of between 50 and 60 euros, police said. Its distribution is in the hands of large networks. The National Police is concerned not only for the so-called liquid ecstasy, but other products are often traded in the same environments: gamma butyrolactone (GBL), which is a substance that the human body rapidly converted into GHB. GBL is an everyday plastic solvent in the chemical industry and sold freely in chemical supply stores. This product, which when mixed with alcohol is dangerous, is not subject to control or supervision, as a chief inspector complaint of the Central Narcotics Brigade. 3 RIESTOS FOR SALUDTaquicardias, palpitations and tremors are three effects that can result from use of GHB, recalls Dr. Juan Flores. There have been reports of respiratory depression, delirium, anxiety and hallucinations. But first you have to be more alert is to mixing with alcohol, which is responsible for many of the states of coma have occurred by consumption of this substance. Ingestion may affect reflexes and attention. Drive or use heavy instruments intoxicated is dangerous. And it's easier than ever needed a higher dose to achieve the same effects, so that there is a danger of physical dependence to very intensive consumption. The return of heroin is one trend that experts on the horizon. And that hope is not confirmed. Responds to one fact: the increase in production from Afghanistan, which portends that the increased supply creates its own demand. "I am concerned that in some years can appear as something attractive to drug users," said the delegate of the National Drug Plan, Carmen Moya. Return via the Chinese-inhaled, burning with foil-rather than via the syringe. "The Chinese in the world looking for new sensations, may come as a challenge," said the delegate. "We can not lower our guard." Heroin or horse is a drug obtained from the seed pod of the Asian poppy (Papaver somniferum). Generally distributed in the form of white or brown powder. 1 CONSUMER AND EFFECTS The rebujao, as they call in Andalusia, is one of the ways being introduced among the young. That is, heroin mixed with cocaine base. "With the other drugs does not give a monkey physical. But for three euros you can kill rebujao because you go crazy," says Rocio, Seville young age of 21. Heroin traditionally consumed intravenously, but the fear spread of AIDS by sharing a syringe has caused many of the addicts prefer to consume it by smoking in Chinese (a kind of cigarette made with aluminum foil) and inhaling the vapors. It is the most common naturally occurring opiates (opium, morphine, codeine) and synthetic origin (demerol, methadone ..). The latter substance is used, under medical supervision, as a substitute for heroin. "We could detect that people turn to spin," says Juan Flores, who makes guards in intensive care at the Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (Valencia). "Heroin is cheaper than cocaine, hence we see how to re-enter." The effects produced by heroin administration are euphoria and well being. Many consumers say that the feeling is similar to an orgasm. Inhibits appetite, and nausea the first few times you use. And reduces pain. The contraction of the pupils and night sweats are two of the symptoms experienced by the consumer of heroin. 2 DEALERS AND PRECIOSLos security forces seized 471 kilos of heroin in 2006, mostly within the national territory, indicating that this merchandise was destined for consumption in Spain. Given that by 2005 only 174 kilos were seized, police experts have suspected that this is an indication that a recovery is taking place in the consumption of this drug. "If there is more good, is because there are people willing to buy it. The traffickers would import not if there were no customers. The business is well," said a chief inspector. The traffic is in the hands of Turkish clans, who moved to Spain through the so-called Balkan route, although recently used the former USSR countries. The wholesale price of 20,000 euros / kilo, which is multiplied to the nth degree to get to retail. The price of a gram is around 63 euros, according to the Center of Intelligence against Organized Crime (CICO). 3 RIESTOS FOR SALUDAdictiva and destructive abuse of heroin is associated with serious health consequences, including fatal overdose, spontaneous abortion, collapsed veins and, particularly for users who inject the drug, infectious diseases including HIV / AIDS and hepatitis. Among the psychiatric risks it poses, can cause personality changes, memory problems, anxiety disorders and depression. The dependence generated makes it difficult to abandon its use. Hashish is the illegal drug most consumed in Spain, "says a police specialized in prosecuting traffickers grids of this substance, most Moroccans. Hashish and marijuana have a considerable presence within the school population. The Survey next National Drug Plan reveals that consumption begins to decline among young people between 14 and 18, although almost one in three adolescents consume. "Before, drugs were a countercultural profile, the shaman smoked, were consumed by vice or to heal. Now take because they are there, "says Eusebio MegÃas, technical director of the Foundation Against Drug Addiction." In recent years, however, begins to darken the image adorned the cannabis, "he says." There is some deterioration in overall image of the substances. "1 CONSUMPTION AND EFECTOSRicardo is 19 and smoked for four months until about six joints a day. Reason that his parents considered enough to be admitted to the day program Proyecto Hombre, to try deshabituarse . "It need not reach for help abusive consumption is best done as soon as possible, and slows down more easily," said Manuel Orellana, youth program director of the center of Seville from this organization whose therapies are free. Orellana points that one of the latest developments that have been detected in this market is what they call Pakistani hash, which is mixed with opium "and produces more engagement." Hashish is a preparation of the resin of the cannabis plant. Popularly known with the names of chocolate, pollen or cost. peeling is made from the flowers of cannabis trichomes that cover it. solid in appearance, it becomes malleable when heated. It is brown with reddish tones, black, green and gold. It is often smoking a pipe or mixed with snuff, as a cigarette or joint. In recent years, marijuana has become popular and self-cultivation, plantation home. relaxation, disinhibition and hilarity, three effects of cannabis. Sensory disturbances, difficulty with expressive clarity, loss of immediate memory, three other psychological effects. "The problem with cannabis is that it trivializes" said Francisco Herrera, doctor. "appears related to ecology, solidarity, the pursuit of spirituality. We see intellectual minimizing its impact on television, "he adds." And although I think the discussion of decriminalization must be on the table, should take place between people who know what you're talking about. "Herrera criticized the existence magazine aimed at lovers of cannabis. Even harder than it is shown MegÃas Eusebio, the FAD: "I can understand that there are people who defend the right to use cannabis. But another thing is to promote consumption. "Eating in public places or possession of hashish or marijuana for personal consumption may pose administrative penalties ranging from 300 to 30,050 euros. 2 DEALERS AND PRECIOSLas security forces interdicted almost 460 metric tons in 2006 of hashish and arrested 157,924 people for their alleged involvement in the drug trafficking. In 2005, the volume of seizures was higher: nearly 670 tons.
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